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AMALIA DEL PONTE
Long and extremely short waves
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21/04/2017 - 01/10/2017: Humanistic/artistic cultural events
Curated by Aurora Scotti Tosini
fourth state
The Fourth State of Pellizza Volpedo (1899-1901) is one of the works that have most segnatoil twentieth century, not only from the point of view of art , but also social interaction and communication . The framework is the result of a long planning process , marked by two milestones : Ambassadors of hunger (1892) and Flood ( 1895-96 ) . The long processing yields the artist aware of his intellectual mission and the need to build a comprehensive philosophical and scientific culture . At each stage corresponded to a peculiar technique and compositional experimentation , the development of which can be followed along the three sections of the exhibition , which displays the sketches, preparatory drawings and some radiographic analysis .
Ambassadors of hunger (1892)
The last decades of the nineteenth century were marked by protests and peasant workers. Pellizza closely followed these events , as evidenced by a sketch of the 1890s, perhaps drawn from life, depicting a strike likely in urban areas. Ambassadors of hunger is the first attempt to set the episode in Volpedo in square Malaspina , so dropping it into a reality agriculture and in a time and in a certain place . The setting of the framework , defined in a comp in 1891, remains constant in later versions of the 1892. The choice of point of view and from the void in the foreground, make sure that the viewer has the impression of watching an action in progress, an event not yet reached its climax . The protagonists are two men in the foreground that are detached from the row behind. The work was completed in 1892, but by July 1894 he began working for Pellizza transpose it in a framework of a larger scale , creating a cartoon in which he focused on the development of the core .
Flood (1895-1896)
Since 1895 Pellizza decided to rethink the system of Ambassadors of hunger to get a closer relationship between the figures and the viewer. He realized that a draft in which he perfected the vision front and increased the number and size of the characters , the guy on the right was also transformed into a woman with a baby in her arms .
Working on the transposition of the cardboard to the picture , the artist decided to give the subject a universal value, representative of the emergence on the political scene of the people. To this end, shooting the study of ancient paintings combined with a continuous improvement of the pointillist technique , which allowed him to accentuate the contrasts of color and light and the tension of the scene. On the right was then added to a group of people running toward the parade by calling others to rally , to symbolize the commitment extended appeal to intellectuals and artists because accorrano to swell the " flood of humanity thirsting for justice," as he wrote the ' artist himself on one of the sketches ..
The Fourth State (1898-1901)
For the monumental painting, which took three years of work, Pellizza used all models volpedesi ( the woman in the foreground , for example, drew back his wife Teresa ), but eliminated references to some specific architectures in the background , pointing to the location of the workers transition from one age to the darkest to a happier time , marked by the progress of the working class. The study of the house in the second floor was divided into three cartons, which show how the painter was no longer interested in pursuing individual actions , but to reap the mutual relations , suggested by the concatenation and repetition of gestures. The new conception of the work was also expressed in a new title , The Journey of workers : no longer a mass similar to a river, but a compact formation that is progressing in strength measured along lines clearly visible , highlighted by the overall tone of yellow pink , which created a new chromatic harmony . In 1902 Pellizza chose to send the picture at the Turin with the new title The Fourth Estate , inspired by the publications on the French Revolution and the socialist press , where he stressed the statement , alongside the bourgeoisie (the third state), the proletariat (in fact the fourth state ) .
External link for further information
Time:
LUN. 14.30 - 19.30
MAR. MER. VEN. e DOM. 9.30 - 19.30
GIO. e SAB. 9.30 - 22.30
L’ultimo ingresso consentito avverrà un’ora prima della chiusura del Museo.
Ingresso gratuito ogni giorno a partire da due ore prima dalla chiusura del Museo.
Ogni venerdì gratis dalle 15.30.
Where: Museo del 900, Spazio mostre - Palazzo dell' Arengario, via Marconi 1, Milano |
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